A complicated interaction between genetic and environmental factors plays a crucial role in the development of diabetes.2 In addition to genetics and family history, the risk is significantly influenced by age, ethnicity, obesity, physical inactivity, improper nutrition, and behavioural patterns.3 This situation can be controlled by bringing in a good balance of holistic lifestyle management and pharmacological approaches and aiming for effectively managed diabetes.
Dr. Harish Kumar, Clinical Professor and Head , Department of Endocrinology, Amrita Hospital, Kochi
ET SpotlightDr. Jayaprakash P, Senior consultant endocrinologist- Medical Trust Hospital, Kochi
Complications of diabetes
As per the data, 57% of Indians with diabetes do not have a diagnosis. Most cases of diabetes are type 2, which can cause multiorgan complications that can be broadly categorised into microvascular and macrovascular problems.3 Prevention and management of diabetes lead to a lowering of blood sugar levels that not only decreases the risk of long-term complications but also enhances overall health and longevity.
As diabetes is a progressive condition, uncontrolled diabetes can result in serious complications. It increases the risk of vascular disease, and macrovascular problems such as high blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and renal disease, as well as microvascular complications such as diabetic kidney disease, retinal impairment, and neuropathy, which account for a large portion of the burden of type 2 diabetes.3
Another significant concern as type 2 diabetes develops is increased body weight.4 Excess weight is a major contributor to the development of type 2 diabetes, and for those already diagnosed, it can worsen the condition. Even modest weight loss can significantly help in diabetes management, thereby enhancing overall health and well-being.5
ET SpotlightA connection between diabetes and weight
The prevalence of overweight and obesity, as well as unhealthy lifestyles, are the main contributors to the high and growing diabetes burden globally, especially in emerging economies like India. For those at greatest risk, losing weight significantly decreases the incidence of diabetes.
According to a study, obesity, or being overweight (78.2%) was the most prevalent condition among people with type 2 diabetes. As a result, most type 2 diabetics are classified as overweight or obese based on their BMI. This demonstrated how important it is to address controlling weight and obesity in the management of diabetes.6
Fat deposits, especially around organs in the abdomen, interfere with insulin’s ability to regulate glucose effectively, resulting in higher blood sugar levels. This increases the risk of complications, including heart disease, stroke, kidney problems, and nerve damage. That is why it becomes important to shed those extra kilos.6
Weight loss doesn’t have to be a dramatic transformation; even small reductions of 5-10% can yield substantial benefits. Improving insulin sensitivity through weight loss allows the body to use glucose more efficiently, leading to lower blood sugar levels.
Bearing testimony to this fact, a large-scale study, involving over 10,000 individuals in Chennai, India, found that losing even a modest 5% of body weight significantly improved glycemic control (blood sugar levels) in people with type 2 diabetes. The study also showed a reduction in the need for diabetes medication and a lower risk of developing diabetes complications.7
We have seen that the challenges of managing diabetes can take a toll on mental health and glucose control, but weight loss can bring about positive changes in mood, self-esteem, and confidence.
ET SpotlightAct of holistic improvement
Adopting a personalised approach to diabetes management is the key. One should focus on food and nutrition and engage in regular physical activity.
Taking a balanced diet that is rich in whole foods, fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins and reducing intake of processed carbohydrates, sugary drinks, and unhealthy fats is crucial for those suffering from diabetes, as this can also help in reducing weight.5
Seek guidance from a dietitian for personalised nutrition planning. Additionally, understand the significance of physical activity, and include it in daily routine, for a holistic approach.5
As many people with diabetes experience difficulties reducing weight, it’s essential to recognise that barriers are an expected aspect of the process. Even after investing a great deal of effort and losing weight slowly, refrain from giving up. Instead, ask your doctor for guidance. One can successfully manage their health and have a satisfying life by taking a holistic approach and consulting with a doctor to learn about new possibilities in diabetes management.
References
- Jha RP, et al. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2021 Jul 5;20(2):1725-1740.
- Borse SP, et al. Med Princ Pract. 2021;30(2):109-121
- Pradeepa R, et al. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2021 Nov;69(11):2932-2938.
- Fonseca VA et al. Diabetes Care. 2009 Nov;32 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S151-6
- Standards of Care in Diabetes–2024. Diabetes Care 1 January 2024; 47: S145–S157.
- Iglay K et al. Curr Med Res Opin. 2016 Jul;32(7):1243-52.
- Unnikrishnan R, et al. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2014 Sep;16(9):596-603.
Disclaimer: This content is part of a disease awareness initiative by Novo Nordisk. The opinions and views are that of the Healthcare Professionals. The news and editorial staff of ET had no role in the creation of this article nor vouch for or endorse any of its content. While the content on this site provides general information about health and wellbeing. It is not intended as medical advice, nor is it a substitute for professional medical expertise or treatment. If you need help getting your health under control, we recommend speaking to your doctor.
