Concerns for Pregnant Women
Zika virus infection during pregnancy poses significant health risks, including the possibility of microcephaly and other developmental issues in infants. This condition results from the virus crossing the placental barrier and affecting fetal brain development.
Symptoms and Risks
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Zika virus symptoms typically include rash, fever, joint pain, and headache, lasting for a brief period. Pregnant women infected with Zika are at an increased risk of complications such as pregnancy loss and congenital disabilities in newborns.
Symptoms of Zika Virus Infection Include:
- Fever: Typically a low-grade fever, usually below 102°F (38.9°C), often one of the initial symptoms.
- Rash: A maculopapular rash characterized by red spots and bumps that begins on the face and can spread to other parts of the body. It is often itchy.
- Joint Pain: Pain and swelling in the smaller joints of the hands and feet, sometimes accompanied by muscle pain.
- Conjunctivitis (Red Eyes): Red, irritated eyes that resemble pink eye but without pus.
- Muscle Pain: Generalized muscle aches and pains similar to those experienced with other viral infections.
- Headache: Mild to moderate headaches, commonly accompanying other symptoms.
- Fatigue: General tiredness and lack of energy that can persist even after other symptoms have subsided.
- Abdominal Pain: Less common, but abdominal discomfort can occur as either a dull or sharp pain.
- Vomiting: Nausea and occasional vomiting, which can contribute to dehydration and weakness.
- Eye Pain: Deep, aching pain behind the eyes that worsens with eye movement.
Preventive Measures
In response to the escalating cases, Pune Municipal Corporation’s health department has initiated proactive measures like mosquito control through fogging and fumigation. Pregnant women residing in or traveling to affected areas are advised to seek immediate medical consultation and undergo regular monitoring for early detection and management of Zika virus infection.
Treatment and Management of Zika Virus Infection
Currently, no specific antiviral treatment exists for Zika virus infection. Management focuses on symptom relief and preventive measures to minimize transmission:
- Rest and Hydration: Getting plenty of rest and staying hydrated are essential to help the body fight the infection, particularly important if experiencing vomiting or diarrhea.
- Pain Relief: Over-the-counter pain relievers can help alleviate symptoms such as headache and muscle pain associated with Zika virus infection.
Preventive Measures: To reduce the risk of mosquito bites and further transmission:
- Stay indoors, especially during peak mosquito activity times.
- Use insect repellents containing DEET, wear long sleeves and pants, and use mosquito nets to prevent bites, especially in affected areas.
- Practice safe sex using condoms or abstain from sexual activity to prevent sexual transmission, particularly if one partner is infected or has recently traveled to an area with active Zika transmission.
Special Considerations for Pregnant Women
Pregnant women should seek medical advice promptly if they suspect Zika virus infection due to the potential for serious birth defects like microcephaly. Regular prenatal care and monitoring are crucial to detect any potential complications early.
- Medical Attention: Seek medical attention if symptoms worsen or if there are concerns about potential complications. Healthcare providers can provide guidance and support for managing symptoms effectively.
- Public Health Recommendations: Follow local public health advisories and recommendations, especially during outbreaks, to minimize the risk of infection and spread of Zika virus.
While Zika virus infection typically results in mild symptoms that resolve within a week for most people, pregnant women and those planning to conceive should take extra precautions due to the severe risks associated with fetal development and birth defects.
The Zika virus, discovered in Uganda in 1947, is primarily transmitted through the bite of Aedes mosquitoes, known carriers of dengue and chikungunya viruses as well. The Pune Municipal Corporation continues to enhance surveillance and preventive measures to curb mosquito breeding and reduce the risk of further Zika virus transmission in the city.
(With inputs from TOI)
